Cracked paws on dogs

In Aotearoa, we’ve got some stunning black sand beaches and alpine trails, but let’s face it, these environments can be tough on our dogs' paws. Between the sizzling sun on the sand and those rocky paths, it’s no surprise that cracked paws can be a real issue for our mates. So, with the help of our vet expert Dr Rosalind Holland (BVSc, MVM, MANZCVS), let’s dive into what might be causing those cracks and how you can help keep your dog's paws feeling as good as new!

Signs and causes of dry cracked paws in dogs 

Cracked paws on your dog can sneak up on you if you're not paying attention to the signs. It's important to know what to look for to prevent further complications. The most apparent sign is visible cracks on the surface of the paw pads, which Dr Holland shares can be recognised on examination. This can range from minor dryness to deep fissures.

Other signs that your dog's paws may be cracked include redness and discolouration. Your dog might also be licking their paws excessively, limping, or showing discomfort while walking. In severe cases, you might notice bleeding or swelling around the paw area.

Understanding what causes cracked paws is critical in preventing it from happening. Often, cracked paws start with simple contact irritation, which leads to dogs over-chewing or licking their paws.

Paw injury or irritation can be caused by:

• Trauma: such as stepping on a sharp object or getting caught in something
• Harsh weather conditions: extreme heat, cold, or dryness can cause the paws to crack and become irritated
• Chemicals: walking on surfaces treated with mould treatments (this is the most common cause of chemical contact dermatitis), de-icers, pesticides, or other harsh chemicals can be damaging to your dog's paw pads
• Allergies: some dogs may have allergies to certain substances that come into contact with their paws, causing irritation and cracking
• Abnormal weight-bearing: whether from obesity or musculoskeletal issues, this can also put undue stress on your dog's paws.

Cracked paws are a symptom of an array of causes, but the good news is that there are ways to help prevent and treat them.

Tips for dog owners 

Dr Holland has some invaluable advice on minimising the risk of paw pad trauma. This includes avoiding walking your dog on hot pavement. This can be assessed by holding the back of your hand to the pavement for 5 seconds to determine the level of comfort. Dr Holland also recommends steering clear of areas littered with rubbish that could cause injury.

Maintaining your dog's ideal body weight is equally crucial. Carrying excess weight puts additional pressure on their paws, increasing the likelihood of cracking, and making walking even more difficult. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help keep your dog fit and healthy.

If your dog has had a musculoskeletal injury or surgery, ensure they recover fully before resuming regular activities. This is especially important for dogs who have undergone amputation, as they may need time to adjust to their new way of moving.

Frequent inspection of your dog's paws should be part of your routine, according to Dr Holland. Make it a habit to check their paws after each walk for any signs of injury or dryness. Early intervention can prevent minor issues from becoming major problems. This simple practice can go a long way in maintaining your dog's paw health.

Treatment options for cracked paws in dogs 

If your dog is already suffering from cracked paws, don't worry—there are effective treatments available. Mild dryness and cracking can often be alleviated with topical applications of emollient creams.

However, it's important to use products specifically formulated for dogs or consult your vet before using human products..

When to see a vet 

Mild cases of cracked paws can usually be managed at home, but more severe cases may require veterinary attention.

Dr Holland suggests seeing a vet if:

• The cracks are worsening, and not improving with care
• Your dog's paws are bleeding
• Your dog exhibits significant lameness 
• If your dog has irritated skin in other parts of the body - this may indicate an underlying skin issue

Your vet can assess the severity of the condition and recommend appropriate treatment options. Additionally, they can also identify any underlying health issues that may be contributing to your dog's cracked paws.

Care routines and remedies 

Establishing a regular paw care routine can prevent future issues and keep your dog comfortable. Here are some steps to see an improvement in your dog's paw health:

1. Clean: Wash your dog's paws with water after walks. This can help remove dirt, allergens, and potential irritants. Pat the paws dry with a clean towel to prevent moisture retention, which can lead to cracking.
2. Moisturise: If your dog has issues with dry or cracked paws, regularly apply a paw balm or emollient cream to hydrate the paw pads. This is especially important during dry seasons or after exposure to harsh conditions. A shielding wax-based product can also be used on their paws, for further protection when outside.
3. Feed: Supplementation can also play a role in treating cracked paws. Dr Holland advises, "Dietary supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids EPA and DHA may also be beneficial." Adding these supplements to your dog's diet if they are experiencing dry paws can improve their condition over time.  

If you're ever in doubt, contact your veterinarian. Their job is to support pet owners like yourself in providing the best life for our canine companions, keeping them healthy and ready for all life's adventures.

SPCA Pet Insurance can help cover the cost of vet visits and medication if prescribed. This can ease financial stress while ensuring your dog receives some professional TLC. Get a quote for your pet online today.